*BSD News Article 11093


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From: tmh@condor.first.gmd.de (Thomas Hoberg)
Newsgroups: comp.unix.bsd
Subject: Re: ATI Mach32 and Xfree86 or XS3?
Message-ID: <TMH.93Feb13043134@condor.first.gmd.de>
Date: 13 Feb 93 03:31:34 GMT
References: <1993Jan29.193936.13423@netcom.com>
	<1993Jan29.225541.20260@Informatik.TU-Muenchen.DE>
	<TMH.93Feb6014407@keks.first.gmd.de> <1993Feb6.051805.276@netcom.com>
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In-reply-to: hasty@netcom.com's message of 6 Feb 93 05:18:05 GMT

Amancio Hasty writes:
   For a chipset that is not quite a good fit for the X architecture it has
   generated faster graphics that any PC X server which I heard of and with
   the 928 it will be faster than the sun workstation ipx/gx by more than 
   30%. BTW: the 801 at 1024x728 60MHz is faster than the ATI Ultra Pro.
   On the Dos arena please read Jan 93' Byte,  S3 vs. ATI Ultra pro,
   the 801 won.
Well, I don't trust any benchmark that I've run myself or whose
sources I haven't read. I usually rely on x11perf when comparing
graphics architectures, because it doesn't just give you a single
number (perfect for ads) but lots and lots of numbers (perfect for
weading out strenghts and weaknesses.

   XS3 does use vga banking and we are looking into mapping the entire 
   videoram memory. Perhaps, at an address range higher than 32MB.
(X8514 used the banked CFB code as it came. I took it out: it's not
needed there)

   As for it being a 16bit interface on the local bus we can address the
   805 and the 928 using a 32 bit interface. I am not sure that this will
   help performance.
It shouldn't. It might actually hurt, depending on the chipset (which
has to translate those memory cycles into two consecutive 16 bit cycles).


   On local bus, the bottleneck on the fixed graphic accelarateror chips
   is more on the VRAM or DRAM refresh cycle. The latter according to
   Thomas Roell suffers more as the dot clock increases. Also, this has
   been empirically confirmed by Jon Tombs and I.
It's called bus contention. It doesn't happen so much on VRAM, because
graphics output gets in the way of an ordinary memory access only once
in 256 cycles (when the shift register is reloaded).

Sure, memory bandwidth is an upper limit for any graphics
architecture. That's why you need wide busses (e.g. 128bit),
optimized memory architectures and intelligent RAM (e.g. TMS VRAMs) to
get snappy performance.

   What will be nice to have today is 3D hardware support also the ability
   for the chip to perform bitblt operations via DMA. Currently, we read and
   write images to the vga in a tight loop which performs banking as neccessary.
Sun's GX has 3D hardware support (that is, it sports a full geometric
pipeline for things like PEX). TI's 34020 can support several
co-processors at once (forgot the part number-starts with 34, too, and
can support external microcode RAM for USER DEFINED and downloadable
INSTRUCTIONS!)

On DMA: No No No. Not if you do physical DMA (which all you get on x86
platforms). This is what the XGA does and it's, excuse me, bloody
awful. DMA doesn't really gain you performance to begin with. Since
memory bandwidth is the only limiting factor for graphics performance,
DMA can do no better than the CPU. Most important: With DMA THERE IS
NO SECURITY! Memory protection ceases to exist. A simple BitBLt will
deliver or destroy any data in the physical address range of the DMA
processor. I simply wouldn't dare to use such a card. DMA might be ok
to use with such slow devices as hard disks, where DMA setup is
completely done in kernel context, but X expects the frame buffer to
be accessible by processes in user context.

   While we argue about ATI vs S3 vs who knows what, the amiga/videotoaster folks
   are making commercials and animation for TV series like Babylon 5. 
Sorry, the only US network we get here in Germany is THE network
(CNN). But I'm sure they don't do those animations (whatever they are)
in real-time on the Amiga alone.


Hmm, I still don't know what I should buy. Is there any PC based
graphics card out there yet that supports a 32-Bit interface on the
local bus that comes within 90% of the speed of ordinary memory yet
supports accelleration (= or perhaps rather "automatization") of
graphics primitives a la Mach32, GX or S3 928?
---
Thomas M. Hoberg   | Internet: tmh@first.gmd.de
1000 Berlin 41     |           tmh@cs.tu-berlin.de
Wielandstr. 4      |
Germany            | BITNET:   tmh@tub.bitnet 
+49-30-851-50-21   |