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From: burgess@cynjut.infonet.net (Dave Burgess)
Newsgroups: comp.os.386bsd.announce,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: [comp.os.386bsd] BNR/2 derived BSD for PCs FAQ (Part 5 of 10)
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Date: 5 Oct 1994 23:16:01 -0500
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Archive-name: 386bsd-faq/part5
Section 4. (System Additions)
Thanks go to Marc Wandschneider (storm@cs.mcgill.ca) for putting this
section of the FAQ together..
Important note: Most of these 'kernel patches' are to the original
386bsd 0.1. The really useful ones have been added to the kernel
of both NetBSD and FreeBSD.
4.0 Introduction
If you have written some addition to the kernel or some other
part of the system, or know of one that feel should be mentioned,
send mail to Dave Burgess (burgess@cynjut.infonet.net) with all
the relevant information, and it will be added for the next
release.
4.1 Common Kernel-related problems
4.1.1 Where are the commands "rpcinfo" and "rpcgen"?
Chris Flatters (cflatter@nrao.edu) informs us in the following
posting excerpt where we can find them:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The sources for the Sun OS 4.0 RPC are on titan.rice.edu (I don't
have the inet number handy) in directory sun-sources. You will have
to pick up all the shell archives and unpack them to get at rpcgen.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
These sources are also included in NetBSD and FreeBSD as part of the
normal installation.
4.1.2 Where can I get a working "netstat"?
When netstat was released, it came out as a binary patch and
source patch in the patchkit for 386bsd 0.1. The program has
been included in both NetBSD and FreeBSD.
4.1.3 How can I fix NFS to work with my NE2000 board?
Ken Raeburn (raeburn@cambridge.cygnus.com) has both identified the
problem (in 386bsd 0.1) and provided us with a work around:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
I reported previously that I was seeing problems reading files over
NFS using the ne2000 driver; timeouts would eventually be reported, no
data would be read. Listing files and directories (small ones
anyways) were not a problem.
After playing with etherfind and kernel printfs, I've come to this
conclusion: Fragmented 8K UDP packets from the NFS server are not
reaching the UDP layer in 386bsd. The Sun is sending them (according
to another Sun spying on the network), but the UDP input routine is
never called. I don't know if the bug here is on the 386bsd or Sun
side, and won't have time to look into it in the next couple of days.
In the meantime, mounting NFS file systems with "rsize=1024" does get
rid of this problem.
(It does nothing about TCP being slow, though.)
Ken
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Hopefully, the real solution (a UDP fix) will be forthcoming so
that the slow TCP problem is fixed as well.
See also: Section 2.6.3.3c "I am getting lousy performance
out of my network card. What are some of the other
possibilities?"
Recent work in FreeBSD and NetBSD may have deprecated this problem.
There is a new network card driver called the ed0 driver. This
replaces the original NE1000/NE2000 drivers, as well as replacing
the we0 driver. By combining the two, a more flexible driver has
been developed and most of these types of problems have been fixed.
Once again, upgrading to FreeBSD or NetBSD seems to be the answer.
4.1.4 How can I get "ps" and "w" to work?
The patch-kit contains a fix for /src/lib/libutil/kvm.c, which,
last we heard, was due to the work of Jim Paradis
(paradis@sousa.ltn.dec.com). New versions of the kernel should
have this problem fixed.
In order for users to be able to use certain flags with ps and
the w/uptime commands, the kernel must have permissions 755.
Also, in order to save space on the distribution, the 386bsd 0.1
kernel is 'stripped' of all its labels. Programs that rely on
those labels will not work. There are several in this category,
including ps, w, and uptime. Either ftp an un-stripped kernel,
or recompile.
Also, when the internal structure of the kernel changes (as
with the changes to NetBSD and FreeBSD that change fundamental
parts of the kernel) a new ps, w, and uptime must usually be
recompiled. If you are having trouble with your ps and have
recently upgraded/rebuilt your kernel, you will probably have
to rebuild ps etal.
4.1.5 Where are re_comp and re_exec?
These two functions are currently not in libc.a. However, there
are two related functions that seem to work exactly the same in
all cases we've heard of---These are regcomp() and regexec().
Thus, a pretty ugly fix for the problem would be to always compile
as follows:
$(CC) -Dre_comp=regcomp -Dre_exec=regexec ....
There is a slightly nicer fix available for this, listed in 4.2
4.1.6 Where are stty() and gtty()?
These functions were missing from libc.a in the original 386bsd 0.1.
To fix, add the following #defines to your program:
#define stty(f, m) ioctl((f), TIOCSETP, (m))
#define gtty(f, m) ioctl((f), TIOCGETP, (m))
A more elegant solution is to apply the patchkit. These routines
are included in there.
4.1.7 The system hangs with the HD light on after intense disk usage.
The system hangs when trying to fsck -p both of my IDE hard drives
at boot-up.
Brett Lymn (blymn@mulga.awadi.com.AU) Provides us with a
description of the problem and the steps that he had to take
to fix it:
It seems that, on some disk subsystems, the controller and the
hard disk get out of synchronization when they are being used
intensively. The result of this is that the disk completes a
command but the controller still believes the disk not to have
completed the command, so the controller status register
indicates the disk is busy when it is not really. The standard
wd drivers are too trusting of the hardware and expect it to do
the right thing all the time. There are a few while loops in
the wd drivers that loop on a status change from the disk
controller, however; if the problem I have described takes place
then the wd driver will be stuck looping waiting for the disk to
not be busy - which never happens, so you lock the machine because
this is a kernel level wait. To fix this problem I put a timeout
into the while loops so that after a specified time the wd driver
will give up waiting for the drive to become ready, reset the
controller and retry the command. In my experience the retry
always succeeds.
Ed.Note: The retry doesn't ALWAYS work, but it IS better than
just waiting for the drive to wake back up (which it never does).
It has been recently noted that, from time to time, a SCSI disk
subsystem will behave exactly the same way. It is usually because
of bad/out-of-tolerance cables. It is not a common problem, but it
is one that you, the reader, may need to take into account when
you are trouble-shooting your drives.
Dan Yergeau (yergeau@gloworm.Stanford.EDU) provides us with more
insight into this problem. The README accompanying the original
sources used as a base for the NetBSD driver indicates that
> There's also another problem still bothering me: There's some
sort of timing/reentrancy error still lurking in here, that was
there in the original 0.1 wd driver as well. The symptom is that,
on *some* controllers, doing the initial wdopen() (which will
then call the readdisklabel() function) for two or more disks at
the same time (so that wdopen() gets called again while it's
already being executed), the controller gets hung. I'm still
looking for this, meanwhile I specify in my config file that I
have swap on all disks. This causes the kernel to wdopen() the
drives nicely in order -- and once it's been done for each disk,
the problem will, of course, not occur. Without the "swap on ...
and ... and ..." stuff, my wd1, wd2 and wd3 would be opened
simultaneously by "fsck -p" forks, which would nicely hang up
everything... I note a "sleep(10)" in fsck, but it obviously
doesn't do that.
So, changing the appropriate config line to
config "386bsd" root on wd0 swap on wd0 and wd1
^^^^^^^
may get around the problem. I don't run NetBSD, but I do use a
variation of the barsoom/NetBSD driver. This works for me.
Please let the NetBSD people know if it works for you.
#include <std.disclaimer>
[Ed. again] Other methods for fixing this problem include doing a
dd if=/dev/wd1d of=/dev/null count=1 before the initial 'fsck -p'.
This method is considered brute force. It works by making sure
that the drive is properly initialized before the disklabel is
read in the fsck.
Another method involves using the '-l1' (little L) flag to make sure
that the fsck doesn't try to open both unopened hard drives at the
same time. This method is a little better (from a purely brute
viewpoint) but does caused your startup to run longer, since the
purpose of this option is to have each of your fsck passes run
one after another.
4.1.8 How do you implement quotas on Net/2 derived BSD systems?
From: tinguely@plains.NoDak.edu (Mark Tinguely)
maybe you did not complete the setup, here is a step-by-step
instructions to get them to work:
1) make a kernel with "options QUOTA" installed
2) edit /etc/fstab and include the kinds of quotas you want,
below I used "userquota", you could also add "groupquota".
/dev/wd0h /usr ufs rw,userquota 1 2
3) for each filesystem that is in /etc/fstab that uses quota,
create the file "quota.user" (and "quota.group if appropriate).
Above I have user quotas in the /usr filesystem, so I would:
# touch /usr/quota.user
4) scan filesystem for files ownership (and/or group ownership).
# quotacheck -a
5) now you can add individual quota limits, if you want to add
the same quotas to the many people, then make a template and
replicate the template. If they change for each user, then
edit seperately.
# edquota tinguely
(an editor is kicked up and says something like:
Quotas for user tinguely:
/usr: blocks in use: 11876, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)
inodes in use: 891, limits (soft = 0, hard = 0)
a limit of 0 means "unlimited". Change these to the appropriate
number of blocks. A soft limit generates a warning, and can be
exceed for period of time (7 days?), after which time a soft limit
is treated like a hard limit. A hard limit denies new writes.
to replicate a template (for this example let us assume "tinguely"
is the template):
# edquota -p tinguely user1 user2 user3 ... userN
6) turn quotas on (usually done in the /etc/rc file, but turn it
on manually so you do not have to reboot right now:
# quotaon
that should take care of setting up quotas. You can look at the
status of use of files with repquota, the -a option lists all
filesystems with quotas.
4.2 Available kernel add-ons
4.2.1 The Patch-Kit
Perhaps the most famous of all additions to the kernel, the Patch-Kit,
coordinated by Rodney Grimes (rgrimes@agora.rain.com) contained
numerous bug fixes, Julian's SCSI drivers, as well as fixes
for other parts of the system.
It is highly recommended that all users with space for the source code
apply the patch-kits as many things that seem broken in 0.1 suddenly
start working with the patch-kits.
Of course, there is no such thing as a patch kit for NetBSD or FreeBSD.
The update method for these systems is different, and covered in the
section about the System Update Protocol (sup) updates.
4.2.2 Shared Libraries
A basic and experimental implementation of shared libraries exists
for 386bsd. According to the author (Dr. Joerg Lohse,
lohse@tech7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de), features are as follows:
-No kernel extension is necessary
-Shared libraries use the approach used in SysV.
Others are also working on different implementations of shared
libraries.
Bill and Lynne have adopted a shared-library implementation based
on Dr. Lohse's original work. It will be included in Version 0.2
of 386bsd.
For NetBSD and FreeBSD users, two seperate and different shared
library systems have been developed. This feature is included in
the '-current' tree of both systems, and will be included in the
next major release of eiter or both.
The shared libs have, in general, been very well behaved. The
closest thing to a FAQ that has been introduced is the
following:
I installed FreeBSD-1.1-BETA a few weeks ago but can't get
dynamically linked programs to run for some reason. Every time
I try to run a dynamically linked program, I get a message that
says "No ld.so"...
The answer is:
# chmod 755 /usr/* /usr/share/misc
4.2.3 Sound Blaster Drivers
A driver for the Sound Blaster card has been written by Steve
Haehnichen (steveh@ucsd.edu) for BSD. Steve Gerakines has
provided us with the information necessary to get this driver
working under 386bsd.
Most features of the SB family of cards are supported save some
stereo portions of the SBPro cards.
NetBSD and FreeBSD have also adapted soundblaster drivers. They
are included in either the -current tree or in the most recent
release (depending on when you read this).
For a fact, the following sound cards are supported in FreeBSD:
1 Yamaha FM Synth
2 Soundblaster/Soundblaster Pro DSP
3 PAS PCM and Midi
4 Gravis UltraSound
5 MPU-401
In the release notes I have, there is some doubt as to the
operational status of the MPU-401 sound card driver. If you have
one of these cards and want to try the driver out, you should
contact Jordan Hubbard (jkh@freefall.cdrom.com) when you are
finished installing it and let him know how it is working.
The docs for the FreeBSD driver are in
/usr/src/sys/i386/doc/sound.doc.
4.2.4 Bus Mouse Drivers
Fred Cawthorne (fcawth@delphi.umd.edu) wrote a busmouse
driver for 386bsd. He recently wrote a short letter with this
update:
This is taken from the INDEX in the Freebsd.cdrom.com mice
directory:
"We currently have four bus mouse drivers for 386bsd available by
anonymous ftp on XFree-86.cdrom.com in pub/XFree86/mice:
ms-busmouse.tar.z
Sandi Donno's <sandi@uctcs.cs.uct.ac.za.> port of
Erik Forsberg's Microsoft bus mouse driver to 386bsd.
logitech-busmouse-0.2.shar.z
Fred Cawthorne's <fcawth@delphi.umd.edu> second version
of a logitech Bus Mouse driver.
busmouse.tar.z:
Eugene Stark's port of Rick Macklem's driver to the
Microsoft bus mouse. Rick's driver supports the
Logitech and ATI Inport Bus mice with 386bsd. It's also
available by e-mail to stark@cs.sunysb.edu and by anon.
ftp on cs.sunysb.edu in pub/386BSD/busmouse.tar.Z.
psm.tar.z:
Johan Solhed <Johan.Solhed@lu.erisoft.se> ported the
Linux PS/2 mouse driver to 386BSD. It includes a PS/2
to Microsoft protocol converter in the driver so XFree86
understands the mouse events.
In addition we have busmouse.v3.z which is Erik Forsberg's original
post of his device driver for BSDI/386 and Microsoft (and
compatible) bus mice using the Microsoft InPort chip as well as a
device driver for Logitech bus mice. "
Most of these busmouse drivers are now included in the current
releases of NetBSD and FreeBSD. There is some question about
how well they work (especially the psm driver), but they are
all there.
4.2.5 PPP Support
PPP support is included in NetBSD and FreeBSD. With the demise
of agate's support for 386BSD, there is no way to add ppp
support to 386BSD. You must upgrade to wither FreeBSD or
NetBSD.
4.2.6 re_comp and re_exec library functions
As mentioned in section 4.1, re_comp and related functions, such
as re_exec, are currently not in the library libc.a. Apart from
using the rather crude fix listed above, there is another option.
Kim Anderson (kim@dde.dk) has provided a patch that will add these
to libc.a. You can probably obtain this patch from the author, or
you can ftp it from binkley.cs.mcgill.ca in pub/386bsd.
These functions are (I think) included in the libcompat.a that
comes with both NetBSD and FreeBSD.
4.2.7 Intel i82586 Ethernet Controller driver
Garrett A. Wollman has written a 386bsd 0.1 driver for the
Intel i83586 Ethernet Controller. The author's e-mail address
is listed as wollman@emba.uvm.edu.
4.2.8 PC Speaker driver for Nethack
Andrew A. Chernov has ported the Nethack PC Speaker driver to
386bsd. It allows the speaker to be controlled by applications.
Unfortunately, we are not aware of a site that distributes this,
but this patch has been posted a couple of times to the various
comp.os.386bsd groups, and the author can be contacted at
ache@astral.msk.su
The patch that is included in the NetBSD and FreeBSD source trees
is one written by Soerne Schmitt. It appears to use the Sun-style
/dev/audio interface and is different in goals and implementation
from Andrew Chernov's speaker driver. The source for this package
is included in the source trees for both, but is not included in
the distribution kernels.
4.3 Other program building type problems.
4.3.1 Greetings from Mars. I am building a program that requires access
to the crypt library. Either I have it and it isn't getting copied
into the executable, or I don't have it; why?
This is actually two separate questions, but they are close enough
to the same that I can answer them here. The first problem that
anyone building a 'crypt' aware program needs to remember is that
the crypt library is a separate library and requires a '-lcrypt'
to be added at the end of the link line. The other half of the
problem is the 'US Non Export' policy for DES encryption. There
are several good sources (about one per country) for non-US
crypt libraries. IF you are outside the US and need one, look
around on some of the NetBSD/FreeBSD/386BSD FTP sites in the
'local area'.
--
Dave Burgess (The man of a thousand E-Mail addresses)
386bsd FAQ Maintainer / SysAdmin for the NetBSD system in my spare bedroom
burgess@cynjut.infonet.net burgess@ux1.lmu.edu cynjut@infonet.net ... etc.