Return to BSD News archive
Xref: sserve comp.os.386bsd.questions:15550 comp.os.386bsd.misc:4671
Path: sserve!newshost.anu.edu.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!msunews!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!pipex!uunet!heifetz.msen.com!zib-berlin.de!zrz.TU-Berlin.DE!cs.tu-berlin.de!wosch
From: wosch@cs.tu-berlin.de (Wolfram Schneider)
Newsgroups: comp.os.386bsd.questions,comp.os.386bsd.misc
Subject: Re: sysadmin
Date: 02 Jan 1995 21:21:01 GMT
Organization: Hohenschoensiehstenich
Lines: 612
Message-ID: <3e9ptn$nip@news.cs.tu-berlin.de>
References: <adammD1GH4K.JAw@netcom.com> <1994Dec27.220201.21267@fsl.noaa.gov>
<3drd01$5ql@elaine.teleport.com>
NNTP-Posting-Host: beryll.cs.tu-berlin.de
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
In-reply-to: bmk@teleport.com's message of 28 Dec 1994 02:00:33 -0800
In article <3drd01$5ql@elaine.teleport.com> bmk@teleport.com (bmk) writes:
>Quite a long time ago I found a script called 'adduser' that is written
>in perl, that pretty much automates the process of adding new users.
>Yeah, I know there's nothing to it, but I'd like to be able to delegate
>the task to someone who won't require a ton of training.
#!/bin/sh
# This is a shell archive (produced by shar 3.49)
# To extract the files from this archive, save it to a file, remove
# everything above the "!/bin/sh" line above, and type "sh file_name".
#
# made 01/02/1995 12:16 UTC by wosch@ole
# Source directory /tmp_amd/fiesta/export/all3/w/wosch/tmp/adduser
#
# existing files will NOT be overwritten unless -c is specified
#
# This shar contains:
# length mode name
# ------ ---------- ------------------------------------------
# 16306 -rwxr-xr-x adduser
#
# ============= adduser ==============
if test -f 'adduser' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping adduser (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting adduser (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'adduser' &&
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# (c) Copyright 1995 Wolfram Schneider. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
# must display the following acknowledgement:
# This product includes software developed by Wolfram Schneider
# 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
# derived from this software without specific prior written permission
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
# NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# /usr/sbin/adduser - add new user(s)
#
# Bugs: sure (my english!)
# Email: Wolfram Schneider <wosch@cs.tu-berlin.de>
#
# $Id: adduser,v 1.17 1995/01/02 00:08:43 w Exp w $
#
X
sub variables {
X $verbose = 1;
X $batch = 0; # batch mode
X $defaultpasswd = 0;
X $dotdir = "/usr/share/skel";
X
X if (1) {
X $home = "/home";
X $shells = "/etc/shells";
X $passwd = "/etc/master.passwd";
X $group = "/etc/group";
X $pwd_mkdb = "pwd_mkdb -p";
X } else {
X $home = "/home/w/tmp/adduser/home";
X $shells = "./shells";
X $passwd = "./master.passwd";
X $group = "./group";
X $pwd_mkdb = "pwd_mkdb -p -d .";
X }
X
X @path = ('/bin', '/usr/bin', '/usr/local/bin');
X @shellpref = ('bash', 'tcsh', 'ksh', 'csh', 'sh');
X $uid_start = 1000; # new users get this uid
X $uid_end = 32000;
X
X # global variables
X $username = ''; # $username{username} = uid
X $uid = ''; # $uid{uid} = username
X $pwgid = ''; # $pwgid{pwgid} = username; gid from passwd db
X $groupname =''; # $groupname{groupname} = gid
X $gid = ''; # $gid{gid} = groupname; gid form group db
X $defaultshell = '';
X @passwd_backup = '';
}
X
# read shell database
# See also: shells(5)
sub shells_read {
X local($s, @dummy);
X open(S, $shells) || die "$shells:$!\n";
X while(<S>) {
X if (/^[ \t]*\//) {
X ($s, @dummy) = split;
X if (-x $s) {
X $shell{&basename($s)} = $s;
X } else {
X warn "Shell: $s not executable!\n";
X }
X }
X }
}
X
# add new/local shells
sub shells_add {
X local($e,$dir,@list);
X foreach $e (@shellpref) {
X if (!$shell{$e}) {
X foreach $dir (@path) {
X if (-x "$dir/$e") {
X push(@list, "$dir/$e") if
X &confirm_yn("Found shell: $dir/$e. Add to $shells?", "yes");
X }
X }
X }
X }
X if ($#list >= 0) {
X foreach $e (@list) {
X $shell{&basename($e)} = $e;
X #print "$e\n";
X }
X &append_file($shells, @list);
X }
}
X
# choise your favourite shell
sub shells_pref {
X local($e,$i,$s);
X
X $i = 0;
X while($i < $#shellpref) {
X last if $shell{$shellpref[$i]};
X $i++;
X }
X $s = &confirm_list("Enter Your default shell:", 0,
X $shellpref[$i], sort(keys %shell));
X print "Your default shell is: $s -> $shell{$s}\n" if $verbose;
X $defaultshell = $s;
}
X
# return default home partition
sub home_partition {
X local($h);
X
X $h = &confirm_list("Enter Your default HOME partition:", 1, $home, "");
X if (-e "$h") {
X if (!(-d _ || -l $h)) {
X warn "$h exist, but is it not a directory or symlink!\n";
X return &home_partition;
X }
X if (! -w _) {
X warn "$h is not writable!\n";
X return &home_partition;
X }
X } else {
X return &home_partition unless &mkdirhier($h);
X }
X
X $home = $h;
X return $h;
}
X
# check for valid passwddb
sub passwd_check {
X print "Check $passwd\n" if $verbose > 0;
X system("$pwd_mkdb $passwd");
X die "\nInvalid $passwd - cannot add any users!\n" if $?;
}
X
# read /etc/passwd
sub passwd_read {
X local($un, $pw, $ui, $gi);
X
X open(P, "$passwd") || die "$passwd: $!\n";
X while(<P>) {
X chop;
X push(@passwd_backup, $_);
X ($un, $pw, $ui, $gi) = (split(/:/, $_))[0..3];
X print "$un already exist with uid: $username{$un}!\n"
X if $username{$un};
X $username{$un} = $ui;
X print "User $un: uid $ui exist twice: $uid{$ui}\n"
X if $uid{$ui} && $verbose;
X $uid{$ui} = $un;
X $pwgid{$gi} = $un;
X }
X close P;
}
X
# read /etc/group
sub group_read {
X local($gn,$pw,$gi);
X
X open(G, "$group") || die "$group: $!\n";
X while(<G>) {
X ($gn, $pw, $gi) = (split(/:/, $_))[0..2];
X warn "Groupname exist twice: $gn:$gi -> $gn:$groupname{$gn}\n"
X if $groupname{$gn};
X $groupname{$gn} = $gi;
X warn "Groupid exist twice: $gn:$gi -> $gid{$gi}:$gi\n"
X if $gid{$gi};
X $gid{$gi} = $gn;
X }
X close G;
}
X
# check gids /etc/passwd <-> /etc/group
sub group_check {
X local($e, $user, @list);
X
X foreach $e (keys %pwgid) {
X if (!$gid{$e}) {
X $user = $pwgid{$e};
X warn "Gid $e is defined in $passwd for user ``$user''\n";
X warn "but not in $group!\n";
X if ($groupname{$user}) {
X warn <<EOF;
I'm confused! Maybe the gids ($e <-> $groupname{$user}) for user ``$user''
in $passwd & $group are wrong.
See $passwd ``$user:*:$username{$user}:$e''
See $group ``$user:*:$groupname{$user}''
EOF
X } else {
X push(@list, "$user:*:$e:$user")
X if (&confirm_yn("Add group``$user'' gid $e to $group?", "y"));
X }
X }
X }
X &append_file($group, @list) if $#list >= 0;
}
X
sub new_users {
X local(@userlist) = @_;
X local($name);
X local($defaultname) = "a-z0-9";
X
X print "\nOk, let's go.\n";
X print "Don't worry about mistakes. I ask You later for " .
X "correct input.\n" if $verbose;
X
X while(1) {
X $name = &confirm_list("Enter username", 1, $defaultname, "");
X if ($name !~ /^[a-z0-9]+$/) {
X warn "Wrong username. " .
X "Please use only lowercase characters or digits\n";
X } elsif ($username{$name}) {
X warn "Username ``$name'' already exists!\n";
X } else {
X last;
X }
X }
X local($fullname);
X while(($fullname = &confirm_list("Enter full name", 1, "", "")) =~ /:/) {
X warn "``:'' is not allowed!\n";
X }
X $fullname = $name unless $fullname;
X local($sh) = &confirm_list("Enter shell", 0, $defaultshell, keys %shell);
X $sh = $shell{$sh};
X local($u_id, $g_id) = &next_id($name);
X print <<EOF;
X
Name: $name
Passwd: none, is empty
Fullname: $fullname
Uid: $u_id
Gid: $g_id
HOME: $home/$name
Shell: $sh
EOF
X if (&confirm_yn("Ok?", "yes")) {
X local($new_entry) =
X "$name::$u_id:$g_id::0:0:$fullname:$home/$name:$sh";
X
X &append_file($passwd, $new_entry);
X
X system("$pwd_mkdb $passwd");
X if ($?) {
X local($crash) = "$passwd.crash$$";
X warn "$pwd_mkdb failed, try to restore ...\n";
X
X open(R, "> $crash") || die "Sorry, give up\n";
X $j = join("\n", @passwd_backup);
X $j =~ s/\n//;
X print R $j . "\n";
X close R;
X
X system("$pwd_mkdb $crash");
X die "Sorry, give up\n" if $?;
X die "Successfully restore $passwd. Exit.\n";
X }
X # Add new group
X &append_file($group, "$name:*:$g_id:$name")
X unless $groupname{$name};
X
X # update passwd/group variables
X push(@passwd_backup, $new_entry);
X $username{$name} = $u_id;
X $uid{$u_id} = $name;
X $pwgid{$g_id} = $name;
X $groupname{$name} = $g_id;
X $gid{$g_id} = $name;
X
X print "Added user ``$name''\n";
X local($a) = &confirm_yn("Change password", $defaultpasswd);
X if (($a && $defaultpasswd) || (!$a && !$defaultpasswd)) {
X while(1) {
X system("passwd $name");
X last unless $?;
X last unless
X &confirm_yn("Passwd $name failed. Try again?", "yes");
X }
X }
X &home_create($name);
X }
X if (&confirm_yn("Continue with next user?", "yes")) {
X &new_users;
X } else {
X print "Good by.\n" if $verbose;
X }
}
X
#
sub password_pref {
X $defaultpasswd = !&confirm_yn("Use empty passwords", "yes");
}
X
# misc
sub check_root {
X die "You are not root!\n" if $<;
}
X
sub usage {
X warn <<USAGE;
X
usage: adduser [options]
X
OPTIONS:
-help this help
-silent opposite of verbose
-verbose verbose
-home home default HOME partition [$home]
-shell shell default SHELL
-dotdir dir copy files from dir, default $dotdir
USAGE
X exit 1;
}
X
#
sub parse_arguments {
X local(@argv) = @_;
X
X while ($_ = $argv[0], /^-/) {
X shift @argv;
X last if /^--$/;
X if (/^--?(debug|verbose)$/) { $verbose = 1 }
X elsif (/^--?(silent|guru|wizard)$/) { $verbose = 0 }
X elsif (/^--?(verbose)$/) { $verbose = 1 }
X elsif (/^--?(h|help|\?)$/) { &usage }
X elsif (/^--?(home)$/) { $home = $argv[0]; shift @argv }
X elsif (/^--?(shell)$/) { $shell = $argv[0]; shift @argv }
X elsif (/^--?(dotdir)$/) { $dotdir = $argv[0]; shift @argv }
X elsif (/^--?(batch)$/) { $batch = 1; }
X else { &usage }
X }
X #&usage if $#argv < 0;
}
X
sub basename {
X local($name) = @_;
X $name =~ s|.*/||;
X return $name;
}
X
#
sub home_create {
X local($name) = @_;
X local(@list);
X local($e,$from, $to);
X
X print "Create HOME directory\n";
X if(!mkdir("$home/$name", 0755)) {
X warn "Cannot create HOME directory for $name: $!\n";
X return 0;
X }
X push(@list, "$home/$name");
X if ($dotdir) {
X opendir(D, "$dotdir") || warn "$dotdir: $!\n";
X foreach $from (readdir(D)) {
X if ($from !~ /^(\.|\.\.)$/) {
X $to = $from;
X $to =~ s/^dot\././;
X $to = "$home/$name/$to";
X push(@list, $to);
X &cp("$dotdir/$from", "$to", 1);
X }
X }
X closedir D;
X }
X #warn "Chown: $name, $name, @list\n";
X #chown in perl does not work
X system("chown $name:$name @list") || warn "$!\n" && return 0;
X return 1;
}
X
# makes a directory hierarchy
sub mkdirhier {
X local($dir) = @_;
X
X if ($dir =~ "^/[^/]+$") {
X print "Create /usr/$dir\n" if $verbose;
X if (!mkdir("/usr$dir", 0755)) {
X warn "/usr/$dir: $!\n"; return 0;
X }
X print "Create symlink: /usr$dir -> $dir\n" if $verbose;
X if (!symlink("/usr$dir", $dir)) {
X warn "$dir: $!\n"; return 0;
X }
X } else {
X local($d,$p);
X foreach $d (split('/', $dir)) {
X $dir = "$p/$d";
X $dir =~ s|^//|/|;
X if (! -e "$dir") {
X print "Create $dir\n" if $verbose;
X if (!mkdir("$dir", 0755)) {
X warn "$dir: $!\n"; return 0;
X }
X }
X $p .= "/$d";
X }
X }
X return 1;
}
X
X
# Read one of the elements from @list. $confirm is default.
# If !$allow accept only elements from @list.
sub confirm_list {
X local($message, $allow, $confirm, @list) = @_;
X local($read, $c);
X
X print "$message " if $message;
X print "@list [$confirm]: ";
X chop($read = <STDIN>);
X $read =~ s/^[ \t]*//;
X $read =~ s/[ \t\n]*$//;
X return $confirm unless $read;
X return $read if $allow;
X
X foreach $c (@list) {
X return $read if $c eq $read;
X }
X warn "$read: is not allowed!\n";
X return &confirm_list($message, $allow, $confirm, @list);
}
X
# YES or NO question
# $confirm => 'y' or 'n'. Return true if answer 'y' (or 'n')
sub confirm_yn {
X local($message, $confirm) = @_;
X local($yes) = "^(yes|YES|y|Y)$";
X local($no) = "^(no|NO|n|N)$";
X local($read, $c);
X
X if ($confirm && ($confirm =~ "$yes" || $confirm == 1)) {
X $confirm = "y";
X } else {
X $confirm = "n";
X }
X print "$message (y/n) [$confirm]: ";
X chop($read = <STDIN>);
X $read =~ s/^[ \t]*//;
X $read =~ s/[ \t\n]*$//;
X return 1 unless $read;
X
X if (($confirm eq "y" && $read =~ "$yes") ||
X ($confirm eq "n" && $read =~ "$no")) {
X return 1;
X }
X
X if ($read !~ "$yes" && $read !~ "$no") {
X warn "Wrong value. Enter again!\a\n";
X return &confirm_yn($message, $confirm);
X }
X return 0;
}
X
# test if $dotdir exist
sub dotdir_check {
X return 1 if -e $dotdir && -r _ && (-d _ || -l $dotdir);
X warn "Directory: $dotdir does not exist or unreadable. " .
X "Cannot copy dotfiles!\n";
X $dotdir = '';
X return 0;
}
X
# write @list to $file with file-locking
sub append_file {
X local($file,@list) = @_;
X local($e);
X local($LOCK_EX) = 2;
X local($LOCK_UN) = 8;
X
X open(F, ">> $file") || die "$file: $!\n";
X print "Lock $file.\n" if $verbose > 1;
X flock(F, $LOCK_EX);
X print F join("\n", @list) . "\n";
X close F;
X print "Unlock $file.\n" if $verbose > 1;
X flock(F, $LOCK_UN);
}
X
# return free uid+gid
# uid == gid if possible
sub next_id {
X local($group) = @_;
X
X # looking for next free uid
X while($uid{$uid_start}) {
X $uid_start++;
X print "$uid_start\n" if $verbose > 1;
X }
X
X local($gid_start) = $uid_start;
X # group for user (username==groupname) already exist
X if ($groupname{$group}) {
X $gid_start = $groupname{$group};
X }
X # gid is in use, looking for another gid.
X # Note: uid an gid are not equal
X elsif ($gid{$uid_start}) {
X while($gid{$gid_start} || $uid{$gid_start}) {
X $gid_start--;
X $gid_start = $uid_end if $gid_start < 100;
X }
X }
X return ($uid_start, $gid_start);
}
X
sub cp {
X local($from, $to, $tilde) = @_;
X
X if (-e "$to") {
X warn "cp: ``$to'' already exist, do not overwrite\n"; return 0;
X } elsif (!(-f $from || -l $from)) {
X warn "$from is not a file or symlink!\n"; return 0;
X } elsif (!open(F, "$from")) {
X warn "$from: $!\n"; return 0;
X } elsif (!open(T, "> $to")) {
X warn "$to: $!\n"; return 0;
X }
X
X if ($tilde) {
X $tilde = $to;
X $tilde =~ s|.*/([^/]+/[^/]+)$|~$1|;
X } else {
X $tilde = $to;
X }
X print "copy $from to $tilde\n" if $verbose;
X while(<F>) {
X print T $_;
X }
X
X close F;
X close T;
X return 1;
}
X
################
# main
#
&check_root; # You must be root to run this script!
&variables; # initialize variables
&parse_arguments(@ARGV); # parse arguments
X
&passwd_check; # check for valid passwdb
&passwd_read; # read /etc/master.passwd
&group_read; # read /etc/group
&group_check; # check for incon*
&dotdir_check; # check $dotdir
print "\n";
&home_partition; # find HOME partition
&shells_read; # read /etc/shells
&shells_add; # maybe add some new shells
&shells_pref; # enter default shell
&password_pref; # maybe use password
X
&new_users; # add new users
X
#end
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0755 adduser ||
echo 'restore of adduser failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'adduser'`"
test 16306 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'adduser: original size 16306, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
exit 0