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Path: sserve!newshost.anu.edu.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!simtel!swidir.switch.ch!newsfeed.ACO.net!Austria.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!news.mathworks.com!panix!not-for-mail From: acinader@panix.com (Arthur Cinader) Newsgroups: comp.unix.bsd.bsdi.misc Subject: Re: HELP!!!!!! Date: 20 Jul 1995 14:16:48 -0400 Organization: Panix Lines: 115 Message-ID: <3um6ig$g3j@panix.com> References: <3um37n$sv0@steel.interlog.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: panix.com In <3um37n$sv0@steel.interlog.com> kingkaos@gold.interlog.com (King Kaos) writes: > HI. Hi, Just a suggestion to begin with, use a more descriptive subject line in your posts, as it will get you more readers. moving on to business, >I have BSDI BSD/OS 2.0 Kernel #0. I would like to know if >there is a web site or text file that explains the "lines" you see >we you enter 'ls -l' at your home dir???? Your best bet would be to read the ls man pages. bsdi% man ls Will get you there. I just checked out sun's ls man page and it will do the trick for you, I can't vouch for BSDI's as I can't get to my system right now due to a down line.... >For example I wanta know >what this line "says": >rw-w--rw-- 2 kingkaos 5216 the-date file.name I am not too sure of my interpretation here, so I invite contradiction from more experieced users.... 1. I think that this is not an exact copy of output. I think it should look like this: -rw--w-rw- 2 kingkaos 5216 the-date file.name As I have written it, the first character (in this case -) will tell you what type of file it is... '-' means a plain vanilia text or binary file 'd' means a directory 'b' means a block file (device file) for all of the opther possibilies, see the man page The next nine spaces are the interesting part. They are the permissions for the file (set by chmod, see the man page (man chmod)) here is how they work... 0123456789 -rw--w-rw- The character in the 0 space above I have explained already. Characters 1-3 are the user permissions -rwx indicates that the user can read, write, and execute the filr -r-x would indicate that the user can read, not write, but execute the file. Permissions will always be in the order rwx for read, write, and execute. A - indicates that the permission is denied, and an r, w, or x indicates that the permission is granted. character 456 are the group permissions (I wont explain what a group is, but a file may belong to a group as well as to a user.) Character 789 are the permissions for the rest of the world. This means that all user on your system, and all user that have access to your system may read, write, or execute the file, if the permissions are set! -rw--w-rw- 2 kingkaos 5216 the-date file.name the 2 after the permission section indicates how many links there are to a file..I am not sure about this, but I think that in the case of a directory that number indicate how many inodes the directory requires to list its contents... kingkaos is the owner of the file (and the one whoe the first three permission bits effect) 5216 is the size of the file in bytes (so this file is about 5k) the-date is the date the file was last modified (very useful info indeed!) and file.name, as you may guess is the file name. >I WANTA know what all the opinions are, and in the /dev directory >there is no 'file size' instead I se 4, 5, 2 in the file size >area. Any help will be appericated. Thank's As for what is going on with the device files (the ones in the /dev directory), beats me...Help?! Hope all this helps, but your best bet is to read man pages for ls and chmod and then create a file and play with its permissions to see how it works. By for now, Arthur