*BSD News Article 99573


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From: gbuchanan@on.sympatico.ca (Gardner Buchanan)
Newsgroups: comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc
Subject: Re: Powering Down
Date: 12 Jul 1997 18:04:59 GMT
Organization: Sympatico
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References: <33c49208.1255785@news.dixonssurgical.co.uk>
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In article <33c49208.1255785@news.dixonssurgical.co.uk>,
	jay@dixonssurgical.co.uk (Jay Dixon) writes:
> Hi All
> 
> I am currently running FreeBSD 2.2.1 and am shutting down using the
> "shutdown now" command as directed in the handbook.
> 
> When I power back on again I am told that "/" was not unmounted
> properley and all the flags on my disk are dirty.
> 
> How should I be shutting down to power off?
> 

On a single user system "halt" is a fast clean shutdown.  This is
the last stage of the more elaborate procedure performed by shutdown
with "-h".  The console driver handles Crtl-Alt-Del in this way as
well.

If you shutdown without "-h", or "-r" the system is not halted,
just transitioned to single user mode.  Your root filesystem remains
mounted, and it is not particularly safe to switch things off.

I don't like the Ctrl-Alt-Del keyboard mapping.  Instead I have an
entry like this in my /etc/passwd table.  This way I can type
"halt" at the login prompt, give the password and get what I want.

   halt:*:0:0:Superuser:/root:/sbin/halt

============================================
Gardner Buchanan    <gbuchanan@sympatico.ca>
Ottawa, ON